Knowledge
New papers and briefs
Recent global and Korean papers selected from AlphaEvidence DB
Women's experiences of emergency post-abortion care at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda: a qualitative descriptive study
BackgroundPost-abortion care (PAC) encompasses emergency treatment, counselling, contraceptive services, and referral linkages. Emergency post-abortion care (EPAC), the life- saving component of PAC, addresses acute abortion-related complications, including haemorrhage, sepsis, retained products of conception, and severe pain.
High Schistosomiasis Prevalence in Urban and Rural Primary School Children from Kimpese Health District, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Background Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms known as schistosomes. The infection cycle starts when people shed eggs through the stool or the urine. Larva infects freshwater snails to later infect humans through the skin during water based activities. Schistosomiasis is commonly associated with rural areas.
Plasma immune signatures associate with neurodegeneration in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) encompasses clinically and biologically heterogeneous syndromes that are unlikely to be captured by a single blood biomarker. Although plasma neurofilament light (NfL) chain reflects neuroaxonal injury, multiplex profiling may identify complementary inflammatory, vascular and proteostatic processes relevant to clinical phenotype and progression.
Spatiotemporal clustering of tuberculosis notifications in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recovery: A national space-time scan analysis, 2019-2024
The COVID-19 pandemic substantially disrupted tuberculosis (TB) prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services worldwide. Despite increased TB notifications in Nepal during the post-pandemic recovery period, the geographic distribution and temporal clustering of notifications remain poorly understood. This study examined the spatial and temporal patterns of TB notifications across Nepal during the COVID-19 recovery period.
Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Movement Behaviour Questionnaire-Child (MBQ-C) for assessing active play, screen time, and sleep in preschool children
Background: Valid and feasible measures of preschoolers' 24-hour movement behaviours are needed for population-level research. We developed a Japanese version of the Movement Behaviour Questionnaire-Child (MBQ-C) and evaluated its measurement properties and practicality.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM NEONATES WITH SEPSIS AT LIVINGSTONE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, ZAMBIA
Background Neonatal sepsis remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Its management is increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance (AMR), while limited facility-specific data on causative bacterial pathogens and susceptibility patterns often necessitate empirical antibiotic treatment.
Assessing frailty in lung transplantation candidates
Frailty assessment is important while awaiting lung transplantation (LTx), as frailty is associated with disability and death before and after LTx. We assessed known risk factors and/or frailty indicators in frail, pre-frail, and non-frail patients according to the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Frailty Instrument for primary care of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI), and evaluated the value of SHARE-FI as a proxy to…
Early Pregnancy Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Relation to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Evidence from a Multisite Low- and Middle-Income Countries Cohort
Background Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the gold standard for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), faces significant implementation challenges, prompting interest in alternative biomarkers, such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), for early detection. This study aimed to assess the association between early pregnancy HbA1c and subsequent GDM and adverse perinatal outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
GC801-enabled AAV gene therapy in a neonate with Pompe disease
We report a neonate with IOPD who had high pre-existing anti-AAV9 antibody titers, which precluded eligibility for AAV9-mediated gene therapy (GC301). Preconditioning with a single dose of the IgG-degrading enzyme GC801 (0.2 mg/kg) safely reduced serum IgG from 6.25 g/L to a nadir of 0.72 g/L within 5 days. This pharmacological window facilitated successful GC301 vector transduction, driving a robust increase in GAA activity to 19.38 mmol/L/16h by day 84.
Identifying genetic variants causal for multiple long-term conditions: informing opportunities for intervention and prevention
Multiple long-term conditions (MLTC), the coexistence of two or more long-term conditions (LTCs) in an individual, is an increasingly prevalent and complex clinical challenge. We aimed to uncover opportunities for therapeutic intervention in MLTC and highlight potential adverse effects using genetics to identify shared biological pathways across conditions.
Comparing Deep Learning Models for Lung Nodule Detection on Photon-Counting CT Images in a Non-Screening Setting
Background: Comprehensive evaluations of lung nodule detection methods remain limited, particularly regarding data from clinical routine, novel photon-counting CT (PCCT) technology, and the comparison of academic and commercial models. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study collected 1860 routine PCCT scans acquired at Hannover Medical School from 2021 to 2024.
Prevalence and Patterns of Lumbar Spine Modic Changes Among Adult Patients with a History of Low Back Pain in the Northern Zone, Tanzania.
Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a common leading cause of functional disability in adults worldwide, presenting with Modic changes that are visible within the endplates of the vertebral body under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Modic changes (MC) are not just a coincidental imaging finding; they reflect underlying pathology that needs treatment focus.