Knowledge
New papers and briefs
Recent global and Korean papers selected from AlphaEvidence DB
Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy involving Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
Objective: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) plays a critical role in preserving neural function during surgery. Comparing IONM research studies is challenging due to methodological heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting. The Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Using Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (STARD-IONM) checklist was developed to improve transparency, reproducibility and comparability.
Hepatitis E virus immunoglobulin G seropositivity and kidney dysfunction among United States adults
Background Hepatitis E virus infection is associated with renal manifestations in selected clinical populations. Whether serologic evidence of previous exposure is associated with kidney dysfunction in the general population remains uncertain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of six National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles from 2009-2018 and August 2021-August 2023.
A generator-matrix model quantifies the limited contribution of measured biomarkers to human mortality acceleration
Aging clocks and biomarkers are increasingly used as if they were the mechanism that drives mortality. But a mechanism, unlike a thermometer, must satisfy three conditions: it must account for the mortality signal, be causal, and be the layer that reverses when aging is reversed. Using public or provider-restricted de-identified data, we test all three.
Association of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Dyslipidemia Among Individuals Attending General Health Checkups at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.
Background Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent chronic infection that induces persistent gastric inflammation and has been increasingly implicated in alterations of lipid metabolism. Several studies suggest an association between H. pylori infection and dyslipidemia, potentially contributing to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease; however, findings remain inconsistent and causal relationships are debated.
FreqFuseNet: Scale-Normalized Dual-Frequency Fusion for Thin-Wall Head-and-Neck OAR Segmentation
Accurate segmentation of thin-wall organs-at-risk (OARs) - the cochlea, vestibular semicircular canals, internal auditory canal, tympanic cavity, and middle ear - is clinically relevant for head-and-neck radiotherapy planning, yet these small, thin-wall structures remain among the most challenging targets for automated delineation.
Contact without protection: high antenatal attendance, minimal hepatitis B testing in Nigerias mother-to-child prevention cascade -- how far from elimination?
Hepatitis B is a leading preventable cause of liver cancer, and in high-burden settings most chronic infection is acquired around birth. Nigeria carries Africas largest hepatitis B burden. Preventing mother-to-child transmission requires a chain of antenatal steps: testing pregnant women, acting on the result, and vaccinating the newborn. No nationally representative study has assembled these into a single prevention cascade.
Learned Human Aortic Morphodynamics: A Dynamical-Systems Model of Post-EVAR Sac Remodeling
Biological tissue reorganizes in response to changes in its mechanical environment, yet quantitative models of that reorganization are almost always built where observations are dense. At organ-scale in living humans the observational data is sparse and noisy: a few irregularly spaced images per individual, acquired with variable instrumentation, with loss to follow-up and patient attrition.
Exploring the role of social networks in shaping STI disclosure among adolescents and young people using a health behavioral model in Lusaka, Zambia.
Disclosure of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a key strategy for STI prevention and control. However, for adolescents and young people (AYP) aged 15-24, disclosure remains a challenge, usually shaped by several dynamics that affect AYP's choice of whether to disclose or not, and to whom.
Association between blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and kidney stones: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES
Kidney stones are a disorder in which urinary solutes precipitate to form crystalline aggregates in the urinary space. The blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR), a common inflammatory indicator, has an unclear association with kidney stones.
UNIVERSAL EPIDEMIC SCALING: INFLUENZA AND COVID-19
Conventional compartmental models may become difficult to parameterize over multi-wave epidemic horizons when susceptibility and transmission conditions change between successive epidemic regimes. This study introduces a reduced macroscopic framework that changes the scale of epidemic description from individual-level transmission structure to effective population-level dynamics.
Electronic Genome Mapping Enables High-Resolution Cytogenomic Profiling of Hematologic Malignancies: A Proof-of-Principle Study
Background/Objectives: Many myeloid malignancies are defined by recurrent structural variants (SVs) and copy-number alterations (CNAs) under the current World Health Organization (WHO) and International Consensus Classification (ICC) frameworks. Detecting these abnormalities typically requires several standard-of-care (SOC) assays, each with its own blind spots, and then laboratories and clinicians are left to piece the results together.
The public health value of wastewater surveillance for viruses with pandemic potential: a modelling study
Zoonotic spillover and early human-to-human transmission of emerging viruses are often missed by clinical surveillance. Wastewater surveillance (WS) offers low-cost complementary pathogen detection, but its value for emerging viruses remains uncertain.